The Blackholic energy and the canonical Gamma-Ray Burst IV: the 'long', 'genuine short' and 'fake - disguised short' GRBs

摘要

(Shortened) [...] After recalling the basic features of the "fireshellmodel", we emphasize the following novel results: 1) the interpretation of theX-ray flares in GRB afterglows as due to the interaction of the optically thinfireshell with isolated clouds in the CircumBurst Medium (CBM); 2) aninterpretation as "fake - disguised" short GRBs of the GRBs belonging to theclass identified by Norris & Bonnell [...] consistent with an origin from thefinal coalescence of a binary system in the halo of their host galaxies withparticularly low CBM density [...]; 3) the first attempt to study a genuineshort GRB with the analysis of GRB 050509B, that reveals indeed still an openquestion; 4) the interpretation of the GRB-SN association in the case of GRB060218 via the "induced gravitational collapse" process; 5) a first attempt tounderstand the nature of the "Amati relation", a phenomenological correlationbetween the isotropic-equivalent radiated energy of the prompt emission E_{iso}with the cosmological rest-frame \nu F_{\nu} spectrum peak energy E_{p,i}. Inaddition, recent progress on the thermalization of the electron-positron plasmaclose to their formation phase, as well as the structure of the electrodynamicsof Kerr-Newman Black Holes are presented. An outlook for possible explanationof high-energy phenomena in GRBs to be expected from the AGILE and the Fermisatellites are discussed. As an example of high energy process, the work byEnrico Fermi dealing with ultrarelativistic collisions is examined. It is clearthat all the GRB physics points to the existence of overcriticalelectrodynamical fields. In this sense we present some progresses on a unifiedapproach to heavy nuclei and neutron stars cores, which leads to the existenceof overcritical fields under the neutron star crust.